LESSON 58

Object Pronouns (continued)

Vocabulary

kubeshya (shye) - to lie, lie to, deceive kwiba (bye) - to steal, steal from
gukubita (se) - to hit, strike, beat kureka (tse) - to leave, forsake, stop (int.), allow (tr.) (see par. 136)

Note: Use of kubeshya: arambeshya - he is lying to me. “He is lying about me” requires the prepositional ending, see par. 200. Kwiba aranyiba - he is stealing from me. (for ny, see par. 119)

118. The object pronoun must agree with the noun it refers to in class and number. In the previous lesson, you learned the personal object pronouns. Now, here are the pronouns for each of the classes:

Sing. Pl. Sing. Plur.
Class 1 mu ba Class 6 ru zi
Class 2 wu yi Class 7 ka tu
Class 3 yi zi Class 8 bu ya
Class 4 ki bi Class 9 ku ya
Class 5 ri ya Class 10 ha ha

e.g. Ufite igitabo? Yee, ndagifite. Do you have the book? Yes, I have it. Habonye ahantu? Yee, nahabonye. Did you see the place? Yes, I saw it. Urufunguzo ruri he? Ararufite. Where is the key? He has it.

Exercises:

I. Translate into English:

1. Mbese waretse ibyaha byawe byose? Yee, nabiretse kera (long ago). 2. Imbwayagize nabi cyane; umusore yayikubise. 3. Wabonye igitabo gishya? Ndakireba ubu. 4. Umusore ni umunyabyaha; akunda kubeshya, kandi ejo yibye amafaranga cumi; ariko azayazana. 5. Uzazana ibiryo byawe ryari? Nzabizana vuba. 6. Biranduhije kwibuka amazina yanyu. Ongera kuyavuga. 7. Nabahaye imirimo myinshi. Mwayirangije yose? 8. Wacanye umuriro? Oya, Mariya yawucanye. 9. Wakoze iminsi ingahe mu murima? Sinayibaze. 10. Naguhaye utwuma tubiri. Turi he? Natubitse mu isandugu.

II. Translate into Kinyarwanda:

1. Have you seen my new house? No, I will look at it tomorrow. 2. What did you give the cat? I gave it milk. 3. I gave you (some) new books. Did you bring them? 4. The boy stole the paper; but he refuses to bring it. 5. Did you steal the European’s dog? No, I bought it. 6. Where did you buy the salt? I bought it at Eutare. 7. We bought a new bed; my wife liked (praised) it very much. 8. I didn’t hear the child’s name. Did you say it? 9. God gave us a wonderful Savior; we praise Him (God) very much. 10. Did you see the moon last night (= in the night)? Yes, I saw it; it was very large.