LESSON 59

Object Pronouns with Vowel-stem Verbs

Vocabulary

119. a) In using these object pronouns with vowel-stem verbs it is very important to remember the rules for vowel contractions.

1) u before another vowel changes to w. e.g. bamwanga (for ba-mu-anga) - they hate him, batwigisha (for ba-tu-igisha) - they teach us, ndakwizera (for nda-ku-izera) - I trust you, yarwibye (for ya-ru-ibye) - he stole it (key), ndabwemera (for nda-bu-emera) - I accept it (grace)

The wu of 2nd class, loses the u before a vowel. yawibye (for ya-wu-ibye) - he stole it (salt)

2) a before another vowel drops out. ndabereka (for nda-ba-ereka) - I show them.

3) i in 3rd and 6th Class forms and in 2nd class plural drops out. arazica (ara-zi-ica) - he kills them (chickens), yayibagiwe (ya-yi-ibagiwe) - he forgot them (debts)

4) In class 4, ki changes to cy and bi to by before a vowel. ndacyibuka (nda-ki-ibuka) - I remember it (book), nabyibagiwe (na-bi-ibagiwe) - I forgot them (books)

5) ri of class 5 changes to __ry. yaryibye (ya-ri-ibye) - he stole it (franc)

6) The object pronoun for “me” n changes to ny before a vowel: anyerereka (a-n-ereka) - he shows me.

b) The future of vowel-stem verbs with a pronoun object: when a pronoun object is inserted it follows -za-, and makes whatever changes are necessary according to the above rules.

Thus: nzacyibuka - I will remember it, nzabereka - I will show them, nzakwereka - I will show you.

120. If an indirect object and a direct object come in the same verb, the direct prercedes the indirect. e.g. Did you give Tom the book? I gave it to him: Wahaye Toma igitabo? Nakimuhaye.

Exercises:

I. Translate into English:

1. Turakwinginga kudufasha mu mirimo yacu. 2. Mfite ibitabo byawej nzabiguha ejo. J. Ijwi ry’Imana ryanyeretse inzira y’agakiza; naryumvise. 4. Umukobwa yanika imyenda mu gitondo; ni mugoroba arayanura. 5. Imana ifite ubushobozi bwinshi; ni byiza kuyubaha. 6. Mwaduhaye imirimo myinshi, ariko twayemeye. 7. Wavuze amazina yose? Yee, nayavuze kandi nayanditse. 8. Ndabona imvura. Mbese imyenda iri hanze? Yee, ndayaanura vuba. 9. Umwigisha wawe yakwigishije byinshi. Mbese uzabyibuka? 10. Dufite udusahane twiza. Watwogeje neza?

II. Translate into Kinyarwanda:

1. Where are my two sheep? The dog is killing them. 2. I forgot to bring the book today, but I will remember it tomorrow. 3. The old man has done (worked) many sins, but he is confessing them. 4. The teacher wants medicine; the doctor will give it to him in the evening. 5. Where are the good peas? A thief stole them. 6. The people respected him (the teacher) because he taught them well. 7. Did you take the key to the mason? No, I forgot it. 8. Has John seen your garden? Yes, I showed it to him. 9. Did you put the wood out in the sun? I put it out yesterday morning. 10. Where are my new ropes? Thieves stole them.